W 343 
U6 C5 



C5 



>IX 1— EXTRACTED FROM THE REPORT OP THE TT. S. COMMISSIOXEU 
F FISH AND FISHERIES FOR 1894. Rages 177 to 190. Plates 1 to 5. J 



REPORT 



% 



REPRESENTATIVE 



UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION 



WORLirS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



TARLETON H. BKAIST. 



WASHINGTON : 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
189G. 



[APrEXDIX 1 — EXTRACTED FliOM THE liEPORT OF THE F. S. COMMISSIONER 
OE ElSir AND FlSHEIilKS J OK 18S)4. Tajres 177 to 1%. Plates 1 to 5.] 



EEPORT 



REPRESENTATIVE 



UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 



H> 



TARLETON H. BEAN. 




WASHINGTON : 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 
1896. 



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1 -REPORT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UMTED STATES 
FISH COMMISSION AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



SKETCH OF THE EXHIBIT. 

The Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries was directed by the act of 
Congress approved April 25, 1890, to join with the several Executive 
Dei)artments in the preparation of an exhibit illustrating the functions 
of the Government at the World's Columbian Exposition. The repre- 
sentation of the Departments was intrusted to one member from each 
of them, and one from the Smithsonian Institution and National 
Museum, as well as one from the Fish Commission ; these representa- 
tives to constitute a board of management and control. The repre- 
sentative of the Fish Commission, nominated by the Commissioner 
August 18, 1890, was Cajit. J. W. Collins, assistant in charge of the 
division of fisheries. Captain Collins tendered his resignation as rep- 
resentative December 27, 1892, and Commissioner McDonald then 
designated Dr. Tarleton II. Bean, assistant in charge of the division of 
fish-culture, to succeed him. 

No active work was undertaken until April 1, 1891, upon which date 
certain employees of the Commission were detailed for special duty in 
connection with the preparation of the exhibit, and such additional 
assistants as were required were employed. 

The building No. 210 Tenth street NW., Washington, D. C, was leased 
for tlic use of the Fish Commission exhibit May 1, 1891. On August 13, 
1891, the equipment of the building was reported complete, and AY. P. 
Sauerhoff was detailed to work, under Mr. Ravenel's direction, upon 
the preparation of fish-cultural apparatus. The building was given 
up March 15, 1893, after the exliibit had been shipped to Chicago. 

The general plan and scope of the exhibit were outlined by Captain 
Collins, and, with the approval of the Commissioner, active measures 
were soon after begun, with the assistance of E. C. Brj^an, chief special 
agent in charge of administration and fisheries; W. deC. Eavenel, 
special agent in charge of fish-culture; William P. Seal, in charge of 
construction of aquarium, and Dr. J. A. Henshall, in charge of the 
angling exhibit. 

Mr. Seal resigned his position as special agent in charge of the aqua- 
rium December 31, 1892, and on the following day, upon the designation 
by the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Prof. S. A. Forbes, director 
of the State Laboratory of Natural History at Champaign, 111., was 
appointed to take charge of the aquarial exhibit. He was assisted by 
F. R. 91 12 177 



178 KEPOET OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

Mr. L. G. HaiTon, who had supervision of the salt-water section, and 
Mr. Alexander Jones, who superintended the fresh- water division. 

Mr. Bryan severed his connection with the exhibit on January 10, 
1893, and was replaced by Mr. Eavenel. 

Dr. J. A. Henshall resigned his j)osition as special agent in charge of 
the angling exhibit January 16, 1893, and the work to which he had 
been assigned was performed by the representative, Dr. Bean. 

The preparation of the fisheries section included the construction of 
a series of boat and vessel models, together with sail and builders' 
plans of fishing vessels, the collection of fishes and other marine ani- 
mals, and the jjreparation of casts of gelatin aud papier mach^, the 
mounting of skins of seals, sea lions, and other objects of the fisheries, 
the collection of nets and other apparatus, fishermen's clothing, photo- 
graphs and other illustrations of the fisheries and fishery industries of 
the United States, and the securing of a typical series of fishing and 
angling appliances from manufacturing firms. 

The series of vessel models, built under the personal supervision of 
Cai)t. J. W. Collins, was illustrative of modern vessels engaged in the 
fisheries of New England, Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico, and 
the Pacific and Arctic oceans. It embraced also types of historical 
interest as showing the development of fishing craft, with suggestions 
for important improvements in vessel construction. 

The boat models included types of those in common use in Ches- 
apeake Bay aud the North Carolina sounds, the Gulf of Mexico, the 
Great Lakes, and those used by natives of Alaska. These latter were 
accompanied by the netting and fishing appliances, clothing, and other 
equipment of the people. 

The fish casts were made chiefly from specimens of important food 
and economic species which were obtained at Gloucester, Boston, and 
Woods Hole, Mass. ; New York; Norfolk and Cape Charles City, Va. ; 
Washington, D. C. ; Tampa, Key West, and Cedar Keys, Fla. ; San- 
dusky, Ohio; Quincy and Meredosia, 111., and San Francisco, Cal. 

Eeference is made elsewhere to persons who, through their interest 
in the undertaking, forwarded many rare fishes. Numerous specimens 
were secured through dealers, and important collections were made by 
employees of the Commission ; as, for example, Mr. V. N. Edwards, in 
Woods Hole, Mass.; Dr. J. A. Henshall, in Florida; Dr. S. P. Bartlett, 
in Illinois; Mate James A. Smith, U. S. N., in North Carolina; F. N. 
Clark, in Michigan; W. F. Page, in Missouri; Charles G. Atkins, in 
Maine; Eudolph Hessel, in Washington, D. C; George A. Seagle, in 
Virginia; Capt. W. E.Dougherty, in California, and A. B. Alexander, 
in California and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast. 

Lieut. Eobert Piatt, U. S. N., took an active part in the collection of 
marine animals with the steamer Fish Sawh, and sent details of men 
to help in the preparation and return of the exhibit. 

The following superintendents of stations were present during the 
whole or part of the Exposition period in connection with the aquarial 



Report U. S. F. C. 1 




FISH-CULTURAL SECTION.— MODELS OF LEADVILLE STATION, COLORADO, BATTERY STATION, MARYLAI 

TRANSPORTATION APPARATUS, WITH 70-FOOl 



Plate 2. 




ED STATES FISH COMMISSION CAR NO. 1, BESIDES VARIOUS FORMS OF HATCHING COU ECTING AND 
ONTAINING VESSEL MODELS IN THE BACKGROUND. 



Report U. S. F. C. 1894 



Plate 2. 




FISH-CULTURAL SECTION.^MODELS OF LEADVILLF STATION COLORADO BATTERY STATION MARYLAND, "JNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION CAR NO. 1, BESIDES VARIOUS FORMS OF HATCHING, COLLECTING AND 

TRANSPORTATION APPARATUS, WITH 70-FOOT CASE CONTAINING VESSEL MODELS IN THE BACKGROUND. 



THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 179 

and fish-cultural exhibits: Dr. S. P. Bartlett, Frank X. Clark, H. D. 
Dean, J. J. Stranahan, as was also Mr. J. F. Ellis, superintendent of 
the car and messenger service, who gave personal direction to matters 
of transportation for the aquarium and lisli-hatchery. 

A large series of photographs, already in the possession of the Fish 
Commission and the National Museum, was transferred to tbe exhibit, 
and many new illustrations showing recent changes in the methods and 
development of the fisheries were secured by detailing employees 
for work in suitable regions. These details included S. G. Worth for 
duty in the New p]ngland States and in the South; Messrs. C. H. 
Townsend, A. B. Alexander, and W. A. Wilcox on the Pacific Coast; 
Dr. H. M. Smith, C. II. Stevenson, and Ansley Ilall at various field 
stations. This work, in most cases, was performed in addition to regu- 
lar duties. Dr. Smith also prepared the statistical charts showing the 
extent of the fisheries of tbe United States. 

The exhibit of the division of inquiry respecting food-fishes was pre- 
pared under the direction of Mr. Richard Rathbun, assistant in charge 
of the division. In that section were to be found illustrations of the 
marine laboratory and fish-cultural station at Woods Hole, models and 
illustrations of the vessels of the Commission, specimens of the seines, 
trawls, nets, dredges, and other collecting apparatus, together with wire 
rope used in dredging operations and the other accessories for scraping 
the o(;ean bottom. 

The apparatus used in sorting and preserving collections was also 
exhibited. Tbere was a model of the sounding machine used in deep- 
sea work, with examples of the various thermometers used in physical 
observations. Tbe results of scientific explorations of the Commission 
appear in tbe form of charts and models of the areas over which tbe 
vessels made their investigations. 

In the cases preserved in alcohol or in a dry state were many curious 
inhabitants of tbe deep sea as well as tbe surface waters — the crinoids, 
corals, crabs, sea-pens, starfish, sea-urchins, the various invertebrate 
animals that form tbe food of fishes, foraminifera, sponges, worms^ and 
mollusks. In tbe latter class extensive series of oysters were displayed 
to show tbe rate of growth on different kinds of bottoms, the method 
of attachment of the spat, the injuries produced by starfish, drills, and 
other enemies of tbe oyster. 

The dredging apparatus included appliances for collecting in depths 
greater than 3 miles, and was therefore of especial interest to the i^ublic. 
This division was further enricbed by a collection of about loO flexible 
casts of fishes i)ainted from the fresh or living specimens in faithful 
imitation of nature. 

In the installation of tbe exhibit of tbe scientific section, as well as 
in its return to Washington, valuable assistance was rendered by Mr. 
C. H. Townsend, naturalist of tbe Albatross. 

Tbe preparation of the exhibit of tbe fish-cultural section was directly 
in charge of Mr. W. deC. Ravenel, upon plans prepared with tbe assist- 



180 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

ance and approval of the Commissioner. In that section the apparatus 
of modern fish-culture was shown by means of models and full-sized 
specimens as far as possible in operation, and an historical series show- 
ing tlie development of modern appliances, as Avell as their geographical 
variation. This included apparatus for collecting and carrying eggs 
and for transporting spawning fish, hatching apparatus, rearing appa- 
ratus, models and pictures of hatching and rearing establishments, 
and collections showing the methods and results of fish-culture. 

Eggs in various stages of development were shown preserved in brine 
or alcohol, and fish reared at the various stations were illustrated by 
means of painted casts and alcoholic specimens. The food and the 
enemies of fish were exhibited in various ways. There was also a 
collection of fish-cultural literature. 

PRACTICAL FISH-CULTURE. 

To illustrate practically the fish-cultural work of the Commission, a 
number of modern forms of trout and salmon troughs, shad and white- 
fish tables, and cod boxes were erected in the exhibit, and operations 
conducted during the entire Fair with real and artificial eggs. The 
apparatus was as follows: Two hatching tables, 8 feet long, 3 feet wide, 
and 3 feet high, equipped with McDoiuild jars for hatching eggs of 
shad, whitefish, and pike perch; four representative salmon and trout 
troughs, 8 feet long, 12 inches wide, and 8 inches deep, one for hatching 
trout eggs on gravel, one on trays, the Clark- Williamson combina- 
tion, one of the Atkins pattern, such as is used in hatching the 
Atlantic and landlocked salmon in Maine, and the other with a Stone 
salmon basket, commonly used on the Pacific Coast. A set of McDonald 
cod boxes and Chester jars was also provided for illustrating work 
with cod and other floating eggs. As it was not possible to obtain 
live eggs throughout the season, it was necessary to provide a substi- 
tute, so that there should be no cessation in our work. Through the 
ingenuity of Mr. S. G. Worth, superintendent of Central station, arti- 
ficial eggs were made of resin for illustrating the methods employed in 
hatching the floating and semi-buoyant varieties. 

Salmon and trout eggs preserved in brine were used in the troughs. 
These eggs were the dead ones x)icked out of the hatching troughs at 
the different stations of the Commission during the previous winter, 
and answered the purpose well. Credit is due Mr. J. J. Stranahan for 
this idea. The artificial eggs having been found to be of greater spe- 
cific gravity than fresh water, and it having been demonstrated that 
eggs kept in brine would soon decay in fresh water, it was necessary to 
equip this composite hatchery so that either fresh or salt water could 
be used in each form of apparatus. The fresh water was furnished by 
the Exposition Company and was pumped from Lake Michigan. This 
was found to be fairly good for hatching operations, and ranged in tem- 
perature from 42° F. in May to 74° in August, and down again to 47° 
in October. 



THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 181 

The salt water was a saturated solution, and was maniifactured from 
time to time as needed. Tliis water was cin^ulated by means of two 
pumps driven by water pressure, the pumps lifting the water from the 
storage tanks below the floor, into which the troughs and other lornis 
of apparatus cmi)tied, into the tanks overhead, from which the water 
was furnished by gravity to the hatching apparatus. 

Eggs of various kinds were hatched during the months of May, June, 
parts of July and September, and all of October. At the opening of 
the exhibition. May 1, there were in the hatchery 8(K),0()0 shad eggs, 
3,000,000 pike-x)erch, and 84,000 j-ellow-perch, and by the end of June 
10,550,000 pike-perch eggs, 700,000 yellow-perch, 800,000 shad, and 
154,000 eggs of tho, common sucker had been received and cared for 
and 0,000,000 fry hatched. Of these 3,700,000 pike-perch fry, 700,000 
yellow-perch, and 100,000 suckers were planted in Lake Michigan near 
Jackson Park. 

The shad eggs were all lost on account of the extremely low temjiera- 
ture of the water (average 42° F.), though some of them showed signs 
of life as late as May 13. 

On June 29, 20,000 black-spotted trout eggs were received frou) Lead- 
ville and placed on the wire trays and in the gravel trough. The tem- 
perature of the water at that time was 04°, and the eggs commenced 
hatching two days after they arrived. By July 9 they were all hatched, 
with a loss of about 8,000. The fry commenced feeding on July 14, 
and were caiTied with fair success in our troughs, notwithstanding the 
high temperature of the water, until, owing to an accident to the 
machinery, the Exi^osition Company was comiielled to shut off the 
water, which killed most of the fry on hand. 

Arrangements had been made for obtaining the supply of quinnat- 
salnion eggs from California, and on September 23 a package contain- 
ing 50,000 was received in good condition. These were i)laced in the 
Stone salmon baskets and Atkins trough, and were all hatched by 
October 7, with a loss of about 29,000. The fry were successfully car- 
ried in our rearing troughs until the close of the Exposition, when 
19,000, the balance on hand, were shipped by one of the Fish Com- 
mission cars to Xorthville, Mich. A consignment of 54,000 lake-trout 
eggs, from Alpena, was received on October 9, and another of 40,000 
quinnat-salmon eggs was received on the 19th of the same month from 
Clackamas. This latter package arrived in first-class condition. These 
eggs were placed in the hatching troughs, where they remained until 
the close of the Exposition, when they were shipped to Mr. Frank j^. 
Clark at the Northville station. In addition to the hatching opera- 
tions, several thousand trout furnished from the Xorthville station 
were cared for in our rearing troughs during the summer in the Gov- 
ernment building. 



182 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

THE AQUARIUM. 

The east wing of the Fisheries building was fitted up by the Co- 
lumbian Exposition Company for the aquarial exhibit of the Fish 
Commission. 

The engineering duties in the preparation of this exhibit at first 
devolved upon W. B. Bayley, U. S. oST., and afterwards upon I. S. K. 
Eeeves, U. S. ]^. The Commissioner personally assisted in the installa- 
tion of the live-fish exhibit, having previously determined by experi- 
ment the principles of successful management. 

In the course of these experiments sea-anemones were kept alive in 
an aquarium fitted up with air circulation and with water half artifi- 
cial, the aeration having been effected by means of a succession of fine 
jets lowered to the bottom of the tank. 

A full report upon this part of the exhibit was published in the Bul- 
letin of the Commission for 1893, pages 143 to 190. It will be necessary 
only to give here a brief sketch of its main features. 

The aquarium was a circular structure of 125 feet in diameter, form- 
ing the east annex of the Fisheries building. Upon the completion of 
the annex it was turned over to the Fish Commission for the purpose 
of making its aquarial display. Tanks of various sizes, made of cement, 
slate, glass, and iron, filled all the available exhibition space of the 
building. Some of them were large enough to accommodate the largest 
fish that could be transported alive. For example, one tank in the 
fresh-water series was about 50 feet in length. Kearly one-third of the 
tank capacity was devoted to the exhibition of salt-water animals and 
plants. The water was brought from the ocean at Morehead City, 
]Sr. C, and was stored in a reservoir under the Fisheries building. This 
reservoir was 4Cf feet long, 18§ feet wide, and 8^ feet deep. From this 
reservoir water was pumped into a pressure tank 30 feet in diameter 
and 5 feet deep, located at the top of the Fisheries building. From this 
height it was conveyed into the aquarium tanks, after leaving which it 
passed through a sand and gravel filter back again into the reservoir. 

Eubber pumps for the circulation of the salt water were located under 
the Fisheries building and were operated by electricity. All the pipes 
and connections with which the salt water came in contact were made 
of hard rubber or were lined with that material. About 60,000 gallons 
were required for the supply of the tanks. 

The fresh water was obtained from the city waterworks, and was 
filtered before entering the aquaria. On some occasions during the 
Exposition as much as 750,000 gallons of fresh water passed through 
the tanks in twenty-four hours. 

The salt water was constantly aerated by means of two hydraulic 
pumps which delivered the air into a galvanized air cylinder at a pres- 
sure of about 7 pounds per square inch. From this cylinder the air 
was conducted to the backs of the salt-water aquaria by iron pipes, and 
each aquarium received its supply of air by rubber tubing, into which 
were inserted plugs of basswood, through which the air was forced. 



3 



Report U S F. C. 1894 




FISH-CULTURAL SECTION.-^SHAD AND WHITEIFISH HATCHING TABLES AND TROUT AND SALMON TRO 

IN THf 



Plate 3. 




KING FROM SOUTH ENTRANCE TO BU,LO,NG, W,TH OTHER PO.MS OF FISH-CULTURAU APPARATUS 



Report U S PC. 1894 



Plate 3. 




FI.H.CULTURAL SECTION.-SHAD AND WHITEIFISH H 



ATCHING TAB 



^— — ^-— TROUGH^ LOOKING FROM SOUTH ENTRANCE TO BUILDING, WITH OTHER FO^MS OF FISH-CULTURAL APPARATUS 

LES AND TROUT AND SALMONJK^^ BACKGROUND. 



THE WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



183 



Marine fishes a-iul i)lants were obtaiued at various localities along 
the east and west coasts and tlie (lulf of Mexico. The fresh-water 
supplies were drawn chiefly from the Potomac, Mississippi, and Great 
Lake basins, as also from the hatching establishments of the Commis- 
sion. A principal object of the exhibit was to show the important food 
and game fishes of typical localities, as well as numerous species which 
were notable on account of their colors, their forms, and their singular 
habits. The kinds of fishes and other forms of animal life shown were 
as follows : 



Species. 


Number. 


Species. 


Number. 


Species. 


Number. 


Paddle-flsli 


23 

83 

2,724 

211 

30 

20 

150 

350 

50 

23 

24 

2111 

20 1 

25 

11 ! 

3,965 

9 

204 

2.049 

26 

2,068 

50 

2,607 

54 

10 

46 

8 

36 


Viviparous perch 


8 

1 

24 

10 

9 




300 






282 


Spotted catfish 






190 






17 






"R1;.<'1; h:i«9 


1 944 








384 






2 
6 




47 


Goldtish 






33 






53 
64 

185 

3 

500 

53 

21 

52 

5 

6 
48 
99 

3 
103 
73 




83 








35 








500 








695 








7 


Stickroback 


Starfish 




112 


Garfish 


Alligator 


Cod 


3 




Sea eel 


Tantog 


70 
25 


Quinnat salmon 








46 






Tomcod 


32 






25 








83 


Black-spotted trout . . . 






250 


Lady crab 

Whitefish 




3 






2 






Lizard 3 


Iloffchoker . 






37 
9 


Pike 




Skate 


Pickerel 













Wafer for the aquarium. — It was at first i)roposed to use the con- 
stituents of salt water and make from them the amount necessary for 
supplying the marine aquarium at the World's Fair by the addition 
of fresh water. Bitter water, salt, and lime were purchased in Xew Bed- 
ford, Mass., and shipped to the Fisheries building. The lime residuum 
from salt-water evaporation, upon analysis by the chemist of the 
Agricultural Department, was pronounced almost pure calcium sul- 
phate. One hundred and fifty sacks of natural sea salt, 3 bushels of 
lime residuum, and 40 barrels of bitter water were obtained for the 
purpose. Before this was finally used the Commissioner instituted a 
series of experiments in his oflice at Washington and found that bitter 
water offers no advantage, and it was feared that some deleterious efiect 
would result from its use. The original plan was abandoned, and it 
was determined to transport natural sea water from a point on the 
Atlantic coast. 

Transportation of marine animals. — It was found very difficult to 
ship large skates in water tanks; therefore the superintendent of the 
Woods Hole station was instructed to experiment in keeping such 
animals in clean sea weed, cotton fabric, or burlaps, providing for a free 



184 REPOET OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

circulatiou of air. They were inclosed in crates and were sprinkled 
once an hour by hand with salt water. In order to keep down the 
temperature of the salt water the Commissioner advised that direct 
connection be made to permit circulation of the water to the aquaria 
and back from the reservoir without pumping it up into the tank on the 
top of the Fisheries building. 

Food for aquarium animals. — The j)rincipal articles of food used in 
the aquarium were beef liver and beefsteak. It was sometimes diffi- 
cult to obtain these, and i^arties were sent to the lagoons to seine for 
small minnows, which were fed to the fish as a substitute for other 
meats. Clams and mussels were forwarded from various parts of the 
east coast, and small fresh- water crustaceans were obtained by tow 
nets and other apparatus in the fresh waters in the vicinity of Chicago 
to feed the paddle-fish. 

world's fisheries CONGRESS. 

One of the natural outgrowths of the Fish Commission exhibit in 
Chicago was the relation in which the Commission stood to the World's 
Congress Auxiliary, organized under the direction of a committee of the 
Columbian Exposition, of which C. C. Bonney was general chairman. 

The Commissioner of Fisheries called a jireliminary meeting in 
Chicago April 25, 1893, associating with himself Dr. G. Brown Goode, 
Prof. S. A. Forbes, and Dr. T. H. Bean, for the purpose of organizing 
a Fisheries Congress. With these gentlemen were united Mr. E. G. 
Blackford, of New York; N. K. Fairbank and A. Booth, of Chicago; 
and E. E. Earll, of Washington. After the preliminary meeting 
Chairman Bonney officially appointed the committee just named, and 
the work of organization was immediately entered upon. Men of 
prominence in the fisheries, fish-culture, and scientific investigation in 
various parts of the world were designated to form an advisory 
council, and invitations were sent out requesting attendance at the 
sessions of the congress and asking for contributions. The responses 
to this call were numerous, and the communications brought together 
were of a very important character, embracing papers upon fishery 
laws and regulations, science in relation to the fisheries and fish- 
culture, methods employed in the capture and utilization of fishery 
products in all parts of the world, together with statistics of fisheries 
and essays upon fish-cultural topics. 

Associated with the general committee was a committee of State 
commissioners of fisheries, through whom it was arranged to hold meet- 
ings of those commissioners during the time occupied by the meetings 
of the Fisheries Congress. Mr. E. A. Brackett, of Winchester, Mass., 
was the chairman of the committee of organization. 

The formal sessions of the Fisheries Congress opened in a hall in the 
Memorial Art Palace, Chicago, on October IG, at which time Hon. 
Marshall McDonald delivered the opening address as chairman of the 



Report U. S. F. C. 1894. 




VIEW OF PAF 

On the platform are various types of dredges a.Kl rakes used in the oyster clam, and otlier m, 

twines, nets, lines, and various toi 



Plate 4. 




SHERIES SECTION 

feheries. In the central tier are wicker and slat tnijis tislie.l for eel. cattish, etc. The cases contain 

3kle employed in the economic fisheries. 



Report U. S. F. C. 1894 



Plate 4. 




VIEW OF PART OF f'^HERIES SECTION ^^ ^_^^^^^.^ 

r. H 1 .. • , , ^M,»r .nn'l,m,-ii "'''"■'■'*'^- I" 'lie Central tier are wickep a.i.l slat traps fishwl for wl. caUish. etc. The ca.se» con am 

On the iilntf,>ini are various types .>f dredires and rakes used in the oyster, clam, and other inoHustai^^.^,^ employed in the e..,.„ ,„i ♦■ i \-- 

twines, nets, lines, and various forms of i • """•"- "snenes. 



THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 185 

congress. Dr. G. Brown Goode, Hon. E. G. Blackford, and Dr. Hugh 
M. Sinitli acted as chairmen of the principal sections of the congress. 
Tlie meetings were brought to a close on October 19 by a fish banquet 
in the hall of the New York State building, in Jackson Park, in which 
the members of the Fisheries Congress, the conference of State commis- 
sioners of fish and game, and their invited guests participated. Hon. 
T. W. Palmer i)resided and delivered the opening address. Other 
speakers of the evening were Hon. Carter H. Harrison, mayor of Chi- 
cago; INIessrs. Andrews, Bowman, and Breslin, of New York; Commis- 
sioner McDonald, J. J. Quelch, commissioner of British Guiana, and 
John Foord, secretary of the New York World's Fair Commission. 

The papers prepared for the World's Fisheries Congress have been 
published, and form volume xiii of the Bulletin of the U. S. Fish 
Commission. 

A complete descriptive catalogue of the Fish Commission exhibit was 
prepared, but the plan and scope of the several sections will be suffi- 
ciently shown by means of the following synopsis: 

CATALOGUE OF THE EXHIBIT. 
Scientific Inquiry Skction. 

1. Laboratories for Marine Exploration. 

Jlliistrations of Zoological Stations: (1) Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., 1875. 

(2) Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass. 

2. Exploring Vessels. 

Models: (1) Steamer Albatross. (2) Steamer Fish Hawk. (3) Schooner Grampus. 
Illustrations : (1) Steamer Albatross. (2) Steamer Fish Hawk. (3) Schooner 
Grampus. 

3. Collecting Apparatus. 

Xets : (1) Seines. (2) Beam trawls. (3) Towinj? nets. 

Dredges: (1) Naturalist's deep-sea dredge. (2) Naturalist's boat dredfje. 

(3) Benedict rake dredge. (4) Oyster dredge. 
Tangles. 

4. Accessories for Dredging and Trawling. 

Dredge rope (steel-wire dredge rope ; splices in dredge rope). Iron dredge block. 
Sigsbee accumulator. Weights for beam trawl. 

5. Apparatus for Assorting Collections. 

Rocker sieves. Table sieves. Hand sieves. 

6. Apparatus for Preserving Collections : Tanks. 

7. Apparatus for Deep-Sea Sounding: 

Sigsbee sounding machine (model). 

8. Apparatus for Physical Observations. 

Tliennometers : Deck thermometer. Professor Baird's protected thermometer. 
Miller-Casella deep-sea thermometer. Negretti it Zambra ther- 
mometer. 

Thermometer cases and accessories : Wooden cases. Brass cases. Reading lens. 

Salinometers : Hilgard salinometer. 



186 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

9. Results of Explorations. 

Charts and models. 
Collections : 

1. Marine animals in alcohol: 

(a) Deep-sea animals: Crinoids, corals, crabs, sea-pens, starfisli, sea- 

nrchins, etc. 
(Z>) Surface animals: Entomostraca, etc., forming food offish. 
(c) Shallow-water animals : MoUnsks, crustaceans, etc. 

2. Marine animals : Foraminifera. Sponges. Corals. Mollusks, etc. 

3. Microscopic slides : Of fish eggs, fish embryos, fish food, and Foraminifera. 

FlSH-CULTURAL SECTION. 

10. Transportation Apparatus. 
Apparatus for collecting and carrying eggs: 

Models and specimens : Wroten bucket. Wroten bucket improved. Collins'a 
can. McDonald's egg reel. McDonald's crate. McDonald's crate 
for egg reel. Atkins's egg box. Green's egg box. Clark's egg case. 
Clark's whitefish crate. Clark's foreign-egg case. Mather trans- 
portation box. Taylor's egg-transportation can. Trout boxes used 
in 1872. 

11. Apparatus for Transporting Fry. 
Models and full-sized apparatus : 

(a) Models: Car No. 1. Clark's transportation can. 

(h) Specimens: Stone's transportation can. Automatic transi^ortation can. 
Mulertt's transportation can. McDonald's trout can. Zolinsky's 
carboy. Mortimer's sole aquarium. Carp transportation pail. Carp 
transportation kettle. Wood-bound can, full size. Messenger's 
complete outfit. Bucksport transjiortation can. Ferguson's trans- 
portation can. Fish Commission transportation can. Stranahan 
transportation keg. Box for native food-fishes. 

(c) Accessories: Siphon strainer. Monroe Green's aerator and cooler. Siphon 
tube, bag, and cage. Dip nets of various sizes. Water bucket. 

12. Apparatus for Carrying Spawning Fish. 
Models and specimens : 

(a) Models: Group of salmon dory cars. 

(b) Specimens : Maitlaud's salmon car. Seal's transportation tub. 

13. Hatching Apparatus. 
Models and specimens : ' 

(a) For floating eggs: Chester wave box. Chester semi-rotating hatcher. 
Chester cod box. Cone with automatic siphon. Stand of cones with 
automatic siphon. McDonald's cod hatcher. Cod box. McDonald's 
cod box, McDonald's improved cod box. McDonald's mackerel 
tubs. McDonald's hatching bucket. Ferguson's submerged bucket. 

(l)) For semi-buoyant eggs : Wroten's bucket. Green's shad box. Brackett's 
shad box. Wright's submerged box. Ferguson's submerged bucket. 
Mather's shad can. Bell-Mather shad cone. Ferguson's improved 
cone. Models of cones and buckets. McDonald's Y-shaped box. 
Bower's V-shaped box. Chase's whitefish jar. McDonald's jar, old 
style. McDonald's universal hatching jar. Clark's jar. Apparatus 
used on cars. De Lawder- Wroten shad hatcher. 

(c) For heavy eggs : Garlick's hatching box. Stone's charred trough. 

Coste's hatching grills. Williamson's hatching trough. Stone's 
salmon basket. Bucksport hatching trough. Brackett's hatching 
trough. Holton's hatching box. Clark's hatching trough. Hatch- 
ing trough with glass strip trays. Mather's hatching trays. Atkins's 
hatching crate. 



THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 187 

14. Rearing Apparatus. 

Clark's trout-rearing tronglis: Whit^fish tanks. Shad tanks. 

(a) Accessories: Aiusworth's spawning race. Mather's spawning cone. 

Spawning p;ins. Spawning buckets. Page's egg scale. Egg fun- 
nels for whitefish and shad. Series of nets from Central station, 
Washington, D. C. Series of nets from Northville station, Mich. 
Series of nets from Battery station, Md. Nippers, brass and wood. 
Dippers. Strainer dippers. Hume's spawning box. Rubber boots. 
Oil clothing. Pan for washing eggs. Salmon dip net. Tray for 
washing eggs. Siphon bags. Siphon cages. Siphon tubes. Aquaria. 

(b) Accessories to pond culture: Seines. Dip nets. Farm i)r<)rit boiler. 

Moat chopper. Gun. Garden rake. 

15. Hatching and Rearing Establishments. 

Charts : 

(a) Chart giving names and location of stations and output of each station 
for fiscal year 1891-91'. 

(&) Chart showing work of Ihe Commission from 1872 to 1892. 
Models of hatihuKj eslablislimcrits : 

(a) Hatching houses: Putin-Bay hatchery. Leadville hatchery. Havre de 

Grace hatchery. Gloucester, Mass., hatchery. 

(b) Floating hatchery. Hatching barge. 

Illustrations of hatching stations (showing buildings, exterior and interior, meth- 
ods employed in collecting, hatching, rearing, and distributing fish 
fry and eggs) : 
(a) Green Lake. Grand Lake stream. Bucksport and Craig Brook, Me. 
Gloucester cod station and Woods Hole, Jlass. Central station and 
Fish Commission fish ponds, Washington, D. C. Battery station, 
Havre de Grace, Md. Bryan Point shad station, Md. Wytheville 
station, Va. Duluth station, Minn. Alpena and Northville stations, 
Mich. Put-in-Bay station, Ohio. The Quincy (111.) station. Neosho 
station, Mo. Leadville station, Colo. Fort Gaston, McCloud, and 
Baird stations, Cal. Clackamas, Oreg. 
(/>) Floating stations : Hatching barge. Steamer Fish Hawk. 

16. Methods and Results of Fish Culture. 

Lay ligures: Group illustrating shad fishing and spawning. (Jroup illustrating 

cod fishing and spawning. 
Chart showing the effect of fish-culture on the shad fishery. 
Painted casts of fishes reared by the Fish Commission : 

(a) Brook trout, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years old. Von Behr trout, 1, 2, 3, and 5 years 

old. Loch Leven trout, 1, 2, 3, and 6 years old. Lake trout, 1 and 2 
years old. Landlocked salmon, 1 year old. Rainbow trout, 1 and 
2 years old. Whitefish, 5 years old. Carp, tench, goldfish, black 
bass, etc. 

(b) Alcoholic and brine specimens: Eggs in different stages. Fry, yearlings 

and adults. 

Protection of Fisli (assistance in ascending streams) : 

Duncaunon fishway. Sliaw's spiral fishway. Swazey's oblique fishway, old 
style. Swazey's oblique fishway, new style. Worrall's expanding 
sluice fishway. Worrall's chute fishway. Brewer's single-groove 
fishway. Brewer's double-groove fishway. Steele's fishway. Smith's 
inclined-plane return fishway. Lawrence fishway. Holyoke fish- 
way. Everleth's self-adjusting fishway. Pike's spiral fishway. 
Atkins's spiral fishway. Bangor fishway. McDonald fishway, old 
style. McDonald fishway, section 6, Great Falls, Potomac River. 

niustrations: Photographs: McDonald's fishway, Fredericksburg, Va. 



188 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



Fisheries Section. 
17. Objects of the Fisheries. 

Mavimah: 

1. Sirenians: Manatee (cast). 

2. Cetaceans: 

(a) Dolphins: Common dolphin (cast). Bottle-nose dolphin (cast). 
BlackGsh (cast). Grampus (cast). Harbor porpoise (casts). 

(b) Sperm whales: Pygmy sperm -whale (cast). 

3. Carnivores: 

(a) Earless seals : Harbor seal (mounted group). 

(h) Eared seals: Northern fur seal (mounted group). Steller's sea lion 
(mounted group). 
Birds: Fish-eating birds, 80 skins. 
Reptiles and BatracMans : 

1. Alligators: Florida alligator (mounted skin). 

2. Turtles and tortoises: Loggerhead turtle (cast). Hawk's-bill turtle 

(mounted shell). Green turtle (cast). Soft-shell turtle (cast). Snap- 
ping turtle (cast). Spotted turtle (cast). 

3. Snakes: Water snake (cast). 

4. Frogs: Bullfrog (cast). Green frog (casti. Pickerel frog (cast). 

Fish: Casts of 150 species of marine and fresh-water food-fishes. Color draw- 
ings of fishes. Maps showing the distribution of halibut, cod, 
mackerel, and other kinds. Living marine and fresh-water fish in 
aquarium. 

Invertebrates: Living sea-anemones, starfish, crabs, lobsters, mollusks, algne, 
etc., in aquarium. 
i8. Fishery Apparatus. 

Vessels: (1) Models of sloops, ketches, schooners, steamers. (2) Pictures of 
vessels. (3) Vessel fittings. (4) Instruments of navigation (logs, 
compasses, clocks, etc.). Fishermen's clothing, etc. 

Boats: (1) Models. (2) Full-sized boats. (3) Pictures. 

Canoes: (1) Bark. (2) Skin. (3) Wood. 

Nets: Pounds. Weirs. Pots. Seines. Cast nets. Dip nets. Trawls. Dredges. 

Lines: Trawl lines. Hand lines. Accessories (rods, reels, floats and sinkers, gaft' 
hooks, creels, bait boxes, fly books, etc.). 

Appliances for seizing : Rakes. Tougs. Hooks for sponge. Accessories (water 
glass). 

Appliances for strikitig : Spears. Lances. Bows (and arrows). Guns. 

Lures: Artificial flies; artificial minnows, frogs, etc. 

Charts of fishing grounds. 

19. Illustrations of Fisheries. 

Fishermen : Professional ; anglers ; lay figures. 

Fishermen's dwellings. Fishing towns. 

Special fisheries : Mammals; reptiles; fishes; mollusks; crustaceans; sponges. 

20. Statistics of Fisheries. 



5 



Report U. S F. C. 1894. 




APPLIANCES USED IN THE STI 



Plate 5. 




THE SEA FISHERIES 



Report U. S F. C 1894 



Plate 5. 




*KKL,AKL,t= USED IN THE STUDY OF THE SEA FisnERIE; 



THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 189 



INSTALLATION OF THE EXHIBIT. 

The delivery of boxes in the Government buikling began early in 
December, 1892, the freight having been consigned to Capt. J. F. 
Aj'toiin, local agent of the board of management and control at 
Chicago, All of the materials were on the space by Ai)ril 15. A 
temporary office was constructed on the ground floor in January, 1893, 
for use during installation, and permanent offices were completed on 
the gallery in April. Late in February, 1893, Mr. W. P. Sauerhoff" 
was sent to Chicago to commence unpacking and setting up cases, and 
about the end of March the active worli: of installation was begun, 
under the sui)ervision of Dr. Bean and Mr. Ravenel. 

The instalhition was seriously hindered by unfavorable weather, but 
was finished by the end of April, both in the Government building and 
in the aquarium in the Fisheries building. The hatching api)aratus 
and pumps in the fish-cultural section were working satisfactorily, and 
supplies of eggs had been obtained, so that the entire exhibit was 
ready for the insi^ection of visitors upon the opening day. 

The exhibit was located in the northern portion of the Government 
building, between the Agricultural Department on the east and the 
Interior Department on the west. Its space was 150 feet from east to 
west, by 95 feet in depth along the western border, and 120 feet in 
depth along the eastern line. 

This space M'as continued backward along the west side of the main 
north and south aisle by a strip 15 feet wide and 75 feet long, and on 
the east side of the same aisle by a strip of the same width 50 feet in 
length, the narrow strips extending to the rotunda. 

The western portion of this space was devoted entirely to the fisheries 
exhibit; the eastern portion to the divisions of fish-culture and scientific 
inquiry. 

The general arrangement is shown by the accompanying floor plan, 
and the details of the exhibits may be seen from the illustrations which 
form part of this report. 

The superficial area, including the aisles, amounted to 1G,000 square 
feet, while the aquarial exhibit in the east annex of the Fisheries 
building had an area of nearly 10,000 square feet. 



FOREIGN VISITORS TO THE EXHIBIT. 

The exhibit attracted the attention of a great many visitors from 
foreign countries who were interested in the apparatus and methods 
employed by the National Fish Commission. The following are among 
those who called during the Exposition and to wlnun the operatiotif; of 
the Commission were explained in greater or less detail. Many of the 



190 KEPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

persons named made reports to their Governments upon the subject, 
embracing in them an account of the exhibit of the Commission : 

Dr. Henri de Varigny, iu behalf of the minister of public instruction and fine 
arts, and delegate of the minister of commerce, Paris, France. 

Mr. A. Cam<5re, chief engineer of bridges and roads, Paris. 

Mr. Puug Kwang Yu, first secretary of the Chinese legation and commissioner 
to the World's Columbian Exjiosition. 

Dr. Nicolas Borodine, St. Petersburg and Uralsk, Russia. 

Dr. Einar Lonnberg, delegate of the royal Swedish board of agriculture, Stock- 
holm. 

Mr. Paul Hillman, agricultural student, Rustorf, Germany. 

Dr. Gaston Bodart, assistant I. R. Austrian commissioner. 

Mr. E. A. C. Landmark, government inspector of fresh-water fisheries for Nor- 
way, Cbristiania. 

Mr. Ivan Janschul, professor of political economy in the University of Moscow, 
Russia. 

Hon. L. O. Smith, ex-member of the Swedish Senate, Stockholm. 

Mr. Frederico Atristain, Mexican commissioner to the Columbian Exposition. 

Mr. Carlos Young, Montevideo, Uruguay. 

Mr. A. Hinkelmann, director of fisheries, Kiel, Germany. 

Mr. Nobuakira Yamataka, imperial .Japanese commissioner. 

Mr. Tamotsu Murata, member of the House of Peers, chief counsel of the Society 
of Fisheries, Jajian. 

Mr. K. Tawara, secretary Imperial Japanese Commission. 

Mr. Y. Yambe, secretary Imperial Japanese Commission. 

Mr. Sakaye Sawatari, commissioner of Japanese Fisheries Society. 

Mr. N. Yanagimoto, Okinawa, Japan. 

Mr. T. Kondo, Osaka, Japan. 

Mr. L. Z. Joncas, M. P., Quebec, Canada. 

Dr. Ernst Ehrenbaum, Royal Biological Station, Helgoland. 

Mr. Fernando Ferrari Perez, general secretary Mexican World's Fair Commission. 

Dr. Emile Poussi(5, delegate of the Agricultural Society of Melun, France. 

Comte de Balincourt, lieutenant, French Navy. 

Mr. Albert Gomez Ruano, special commissioner of education from Uruguay. 

Mr. Henri Giudicelli, commissioner of fine arts for France. 

Constantine de Rakouza Soustcheffsky, commissioner-general for Russia to the 
Columbian Exposition. 

Dr. Oscar Nordqvist, iuspector of fisheries of Finland, Helsingfors. 

Mr. J. J. Armistead, proprietor of Sol way fisheries, Dumfries, Scotland. 

COURTESIES RENDERED TO THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION. 

From the U. S. National Museum were obtained numerous objects 
illustrating fish, fisheries, and fish-culture, some of which were on 
exhibition in the fisheries section of the Museum, and others stored 
among the duplicate collections. The officers of the Museum cooper- 
ated most heartily with the Commission in bringing together a valuable 
and comprehensive exhibit. 

To Dr. Goode personally the Commission is indebted for the loan of 
a series of chromolithographs which form pai't of the illustrations of 
Game Fishes of the United States, for which he wrote the text, which 
was published by Charles Scribuer & Sons in 1880. He lent, also, a 
number of fish-cultural books to make the series exhibited more nearly 
complete. 



THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 191 

Through the courtesy of Hon. W. M. Meredith, Chief of the Bureau 
of Engraving- and Printing, Washington, a supply of macerated green- 
back pulp was obtained for the puri)ose of making casts of fishes. 

The Department of Agriculture assisted the Commission in its inves- 
tigation of a fish disease, which proved very destructive during the 
])rogress of the P^xiiosition, by the detail of Dr. Charles W. Stiles, who 
made a study of the parasite and prepared a report upon its life-history 
and the methods of its destruction. 

Through the intervention of the late Hon. F. ]). Stockbridge the 
Commissioner obtained permission from Mr. Howard Page, 2G Broad- 
way, New York City, to use a sufticient number of tank cars belonging 
to the Standard Oil Company to convey salt water from the North Car- 
olina coast to Jackson Park, Chicago, to be used in maintaining marine 
animals and plants in the aquarium. Free transportation for the salt 
water was obtained from Eichnumd, Va., to Chicago through the liber- 
ality of Mr. M. E. Ingalls, president of the Cliesapeake and Ohio and 
the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis railroads. 

One of the cars of the Commission was sent from Chicago to Wis- 
consin for living specimens of muskellunge, black bass, and other fishes, 
in which undertaking jMr. C. L. Ryder, agent of the Milwaukee, Lake 
Shore and Western Railroad at Milwaukee, furnished free transporta- 
tion for the car and its attendants. He also i)rovided the service of 
Mr. J. B. Carlin, one of the conductors on the road, who was thoroughly 
familiar with the region to be visited, as a guide and helper for the trip, 
and he proved of great assistance on that occasion and subsequently. 

In the selection of available localities for collecting marine materials 
along the southern coast, the advice of Dr. W. K. Brooks, of Johns 
Hopkins University, Baltimore, was profitably foUoM'od by the Com- 
mission. 

In the collection of live fish and other objects in Xorth Carolina, the 
agent of the Commission was assisted by ]\Ir. George N. Ives and Mr. 
William Areudell, of Morehead City, and Mr. W. S. Chad^vick, of 
Newbern. 

Mr. T. J. Griggs, fish commissioner of Iowa, cooperated with Dr. 
Bartlett in securing specimens of black bass and other fish at Musca- 
tine Slough during the entire course of the Exiiositiou, as well as in 
their transportation to the aquarium. 

To Mr. R. Ulrich, superintendent of the landscape gardening depart- 
ment of the Columbian Exposition, the Commission is' indebted for fiow- 
ering plants by means of which its space in the Government building- 
was beautified. 

A very useful device for recording the pressure of the water in the 
main supplying- the Government building was furnished by Bristol's 
Manufacturing Company, of Waterbury, Conn. A pressure gauge was 
setup in proximity to the water motors, enabling us to show upon dials 
a constant record of the pressure. Thus, when it fell below a point to 
which the pumps were adjusted, it was easy to ascertain where the 
fault lay and to give the i^roper notice to the Exposition authorities. 



192 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

On July 25, 1893, the water was turned off at one of the pumping 
stations at Jackson Park to make repairs, but fortunately no loss 
occurred in the aquarium. Men were up all night for the purpose of 
making water connections with hose borrowed from the fire department 

Thanks are due to Marshal Murphy, chief of the fire department, for 
permission to connect hose with the plug outside of the aquarium build- 
ing, in the event of its becoming necessary to shut off the water again 
for rej^airs or any other purpose. 

During the progress of the Exposition the Imperial Jai^anese Com- 
mission, through Commissioner C. Matsudaira, signified its intention to 
present the fisheries exhibit of Japan to the U. S. Fish Commission at 
the close of the Exposition. After consultation with the Commissioner 
of Fish and Fisheries the gift was accepted, and a few articles desired 
by the Japanese Commission were promised them in exchange for their 
valuable collection, which filled 46 cases. These articles were deposited 
in the Fisheries section of the United States National Museum upon 
their arrival in Washington. 

Mr. Kokichi Mikimoto, of Miyeken, Japan, on behalf of the Japa- 
nese Central Association, also presented numerous specimens showing 
the growth of the j^earl oyster for seven years. 

Acknowledgments are due to the following persons for gifts of model- 
of vessels and boats used in the fisheries: Gillman Hodgkins, Lamoiue, 
Me.; Louis King, Lamoine, Me.; Newell B. Coolidge, Lamoine, Me.: 
Coolidge & Bros., Lamoine, Me.; Eobert Dority, Sargentville, Me.; 
D. D. Hodgkins, Lamoine, Me.; J. Brown, Lubec, Me.; Board of 
Trade, New Bedford, Mass.; L. D. Ashby, Noank, Conn.; B. J. TuU, 
Pocomoke City, Md. ; H. Brusstar & Bro., Newport News, Va.; W. W. 
Sweat, Tampa, Fla. 

From Mr. A. R. Crittenden, Middletown, Conn., was obtained an old- 
time quadrant used by a fishing captain until about 1840. 

A model of a fish car or live box, used by fishermen of Cape Fear, 
N. C, and made in the shape of a boat, was presented by Lieut. Robert 
Piatt, U. S. N. 

Mr. J. M. K. South wick, Newport, E. I., presented to the Commission 
a model of fish marketman's car, used by fishermen of southern New 
England for keeping live fish and lobsters. 

Mr. Charles L. Marsh, Solomons, Calvert County, Md., presented for 
exhibition a pair of his patented deep-water oyster tongs, with photo- 
graphs illustrating their use. 

Capt. E. P. Herendeeu, while at Point Barrow, Alaska, obtained 
specimens of the whalebone gill nets used by the Eskimo in fishing, and 
an ancient fishing spear from the Mackenzie Eiver basin, through a 
native of Herschel Island. 

Mr. F. E. Brown and Capt. E. Pierce, of New Bedford, Mass., lent a 
unique collection of whaling apparatus, including many articles of his- 
toric value as well as the principal implements now used by whalers. 

Mr. John A. Sawyer sent from the same place a darting gun harpoon 
which had been strangely bent in the body of a whale. 



THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 193 

The American Needle aiul Fisli Hook Company, New Haven, Conn., 
furnished a hirge series of liooks manuJactured on automatic machinery. 

The T. J. Buell Company, Whitehall, N. Y., lent spoons, minnow 
gangs, leaders, and lures for fishing. 

Charles Kerrisou, jr., Charleston, S. C, sent a case of hooks with 
barbs shaped like the point of an arrow. 

Edward Pitcher, Brooklyn, N. Y., furnished a large series of liooks, 
squids, swivels, sinkers, and other angling appliances. 

Mr. CJ. M. Skinner, of Clayton, N. Y., furnished a. series of his lliited 
spoon baits. 

Messrs. Welch & Graves, Natural Bridge, N. Y., forwarded a speci- 
men of trolling ap))aratus consisting of a glass tube in which a live 
nuiinow can be used as a lure without injury. 

J. »& S. Allen, Walpole, Mass., lent a series of silk and linen fishing 
lines. 

(jr. H. Mansfield & Co., Canton, Mass., provided a series of enameled 
waterproof braided fishing lines. 

A very large collection of rods, made at their several factories, were 
furnished by the Montague Kod Company, of Montague City, Mass. 
This series included split bamboo, lancewood, and various other stjdes. 

Messrs. Abbey »S: Imbrie, New York City, lent for exhibition many 
of the finest types of rods used by anglers, including the celebrated 
Queen's Jubilee gold-mounted and jeweled Hy rod, which was valued 
at Sli,000, and was accompanied by an engraved gold reel. This hand- 
some collection also contained lines of high grade and a variety of high 
class reels for salmon, tarjion, bass, and trout fishing; also fly books 
and boxes and a steel tarpon gaft". 

The Andrew B. Hendryx Company, of New Haven, Conn., lent 211 
reels, representing all grades of their workmanship, and mounted and 
labeled them in handsome cases at their own expense. This exhibit 
was so arranged as to show all parts of the reel from the outside, as 
well as the separate pieces used in reel construction. 

Mr. Charles F. Orvis, of Manchester, Vt., provided the exhibit with 
four of his patent perforated reels, designed for drying the rod without 
removing it from the reel. The collection of flies manufactured by Mr. 
Orvis and arranged withangling scenes by Mrs. Mary Orvis oMarbuiy, 
contained 428 flies for trout, salmon, black bass, etc., and 157 photo- 
graphs representing angling in nearly all parts of the United States 
and Canada. 

D. W. C. Farrington, Lowell, Mass., exhibited a beautiful series of 
flies and bugs made by himself for his own use, together with a mounted 
half skin of a brook trout around which the flies were arranged. 

T. W. lludol])h, Chicago, 111., furnished his ventilated tackle box, his 
minnow trap, floating minnow bucket, and floating live net, and these 
were afterwards presented to the Commission for its permanent exhibit 
in Washington. 

F. R. 94 13 



194 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 

G. L. Bailey, Portland, Me., furnished his patent landing-net frame 
with patent ring. 

A figure representing a modern angler was clothed and fitted out 
by A. G. Spalding & Bros., of Chicago, with a Kosmic rod, reel, line, 
net, and the angler's suit. 

E. D. Hume, of Gold Beach, Oreg., j)resented for exhibition a spawn- 
ing box for holding salmon when taking eggs or milt, such as he uses 
on Bogue River, Oregon. 

The Colorado Fish Commission, through Mr. O. G. French, secretary 
of the Colorado World's Fair Commission, lent a trout transportation 
can, a spawning can, a zinc hatching tray, and a pair of nippers. 

Mr. Henry W. Elliott, 317 Detroit street, Cleveland, Ohio, lent his 
valuable series of water-colored paintings, illustrating the fur-seal and 
other related fisheries of Bering Sea. 

Permission was obtained from Harper & Bros., Scribner «fc Co., the 
Outing Magazine Company, the Cosmopolitan Magazine Company, the 
Century Magazine Company, and Frank Leslie's Publishing Monthly 
Magazine Company to borrow illustrations from their resi^ective maga- 
zines for the use of the Fish Commission exhibit. 

In the preparation of the illustrations of Alaskan fisheries, Mr. Ivan 
Petroft's sketches were utilized, and he also superintended the construc- 
tion of certain models showing native fishing methods. 

Mr. Alexander Agassiz, Cambridge, Mass., furnished plans and pho- 
tographs of the Zoological Laboratory at Newport, R. I., besides mem- 
oirs by himself, Garman, Hillman, De Pourtales, and Whitman. 

Hon. J. J. Grinlinton, commissioner for Ceylon, i^resented copies of 
the Handbook and Catalogue of the Ceylon Courts. 

Hon. Arthur Ren wick, executive commissioner for ISTew South Wales, 
furnished numerous copies of a catalogue of Australian mammals and 
of a work on edible crustaceans and fishes, which were intended partly 
for the library of the Commission and partly for distribution from its 
office. 

Acknowledgments are due to Capt. William T. Lee, of Gloucester, 
Mass., and Capt. William M. Ellis, for specimens of rare and curious 
fishes obtained by them on La Have Bank. 

Also to F. F. Dimick, Boston, Mass., for a curious flounder, and to 
Capt. Alfred Bradford, of Gloucester, for a collection of flounders 
taken with the beam trawl. 

Miss E. E. Davidson, Jamaica Plains, Mass., lent two cases of stuffed 
European fishes prepared in accordance with the process of her father, 
Dr. Davidson. 

E. A. Holmes, Eastport, Me., sent a living albino lobster. 



THE WOELD's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 195 



COURTESIES RENDERED BY THE FISH COMMISSION. 

On October 31, 1893, after the close of the Exposition, all of the 
aqnarinm fishes and other animals and plants not otherwise assigned 
by the Commissioner, such as brood fishes to be returned to the sta- 
tions from which they were shipped and a small part of the marine 
species for the aquarium at the office in Washington, were transferred 
to Prof. S. A. Forbes for the State Laboratory of Natural Ilistory at 
Cham])aign, 111. It was the intention to give this material to the South 
Park commissioners, of Chicago, but after operating the establishment 
for a few days these commissioners found themselves unable to maintain 
it and it was turned over to Professor Forbes for the State of Illinois. 

On February 21, 1891, x)ermissiou was given to James K. Barrie, of 
New York City, to have two photographic prints made from each 
negative belonging to the U. S. Fish Commission exhibit, Mr. Barrie 
desiring to use these prints in the illustration of a sumptuous work 
on the World's Fair. 

Mr. J. H. Crockwell, agent of Halligan's Illustrated World's Maga- 
zine, was given permission to make photographs of the Fish Commission 
exhibit for reproduction in his magazine. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT. 

The total allotment to the United States Fish Commission of the 
funds appropriated by Congress for the preparation, maintenance, and 
return of the Government exhibit, after deducting 5 per cent for com- 
mon expenses of the board of management, was $89,205. This sum 
was increased by resolution of the board in May, 1893, by granting 
permission to use a further sum of $4,000, or so much thereof as might be 
necessary, for carrying out the plan of the Fish Commission exhibit as for- 
mulated by the Commission and approved by the board of management. 
Of that sum, however, only SoS-l.GO was required. The total expenses 
of the exhibit to September 30, 1891, amounted to 889,789.(50. 

The various items for which the above expenditure was incurred are 
as follows : 

1. Salaries $41, 21;"). 35 

2. Travel 3, 327. 80 

3. Subsistence G, (531. 16 

4. Office eiiuipnient 5,081.62 

5. TraiisportatioD and freight 3, 998. 37 

6. Scieutitic imiuiry 376. 40 

7. Fish-cultiire *. 1. 612. 04 

8. Fishery exhibit 9, 956. 46 

9. lustalhition and maintenance 2, 537.62 

10. Exhibition furniture 8, 042. 10 

11. General equipment 331. 23 

12. Labels 654. 10 

13. Packing and repacking 1, 838. 13 

14. Aquarium, equipment 1,877. 55 

15. Aquarium, tem])orary labor 595.88 

16. Aquarium, collection and food for fishes 1, 713. 79 

Total 89, 789. 60 



196 liEPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
Salaries, $41,215.35, may be subdivided as follows: 

1. Administration and office force $15, 951. 79 

2. Installation, maintenance, and return 7, 054. 06 

3. Fish-cultural section 5, 130. 25 

4. Fisheries section 5, 890. 41 

5. Aquarium 7,188.84 

Total 41,215.35 

The amount expended for subsistence may be classitied as follows: 

1. Preparatory work $358. 45 

2. Installation and mai ntenance 3, 400. 97 

3. Aquarium 2, 871. 74 

Total 6,031.16 

RETUKN AND DISPOSITION OF THE EXHIBITS. 

The extensive collection of fishery objects presented to the U. S. 
Fish Commission by the Imperial Japanese Commission at the close 
of the Exposition was deposited in the U. S. National Museum. 

The large case made for the boat and vessel models of the exhibit 
was also turned over to the Museum and adapted for use in the section 
of naval architecture. 

All the vessel and boat models, canoes, fishing apparatus, clothing, 
marine animals, fishery products, fishery illustrations, etc., not needed 
by the Commission were deposited ui3on their return to Washington in 
the fisheries section of the National Museum. Articles and materials 
belonging to the exhibit such as could be utilized in the work of the 
Commission were transferred to its central office after their return to 
Washington, in accordance with the instructions of the Treasury 
Department. 

Bespectfully submitted. 

Tarleton H. Bean, 

Beprenentative. 



LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS 



002 877 158 7 € 



